Citation Styles
Official Manuals and Guides
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) by
Call Number: Reference Desk 3rd Floor BF76.7 .P83 2020
Writing with Style by Call Number: Stacks 4th Floor, BF76.8 S93 2014
APA Formatting Requirements
Follow these guidelines for formatting your references page.
- The word "References" should appear at the top center of the page, in bold.
- The references list must be alphabetical by author last name.
- All citations must be double spaced.
- The second line and all subsequent lines of a citation must be indented one-half inch.
- You should only capitalize the first word of the title, first word of the subtitle, and any proper nouns
APA Style Help
Need more help with APA Style? Check out the following resources.
- What's New in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh EditionThis document provides an overview of what's new in the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Content throughout the manual has been significantly expanded and revised from the sixth edition.
- Purdue OWL APA Formatting and Style GuideThis comprehensive resource from the Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University provides examples for how to cite many different types of sources, from books to movies.
- Quick Answers about APA FormattingThis page from the APA answers common questions about setting up your running head, heading level, title pages, and more.
- APA Style BlogThe official companion to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition, this blog delves into the finer points of APA Style.
- APA Style Aid - StudentThis is an easy-to-understand guide to APA citations and format created by Purdue University.
- APA Style Aid - ProfessionalThis is an easy-to-understand guide to APA citations and format created by Purdue University.
- APA Style 7th Edition: Student - video
This video will highlight how to properly set up an APA Style paper for students, which includes setting margins and font; creating a title page; organizing the main text with section headings; and (if needed), formatting pages for references, footnotes, tables, figures, and appendices. - APA Style 7th Edition: Professional - video
This video will highlight how to properly set up an APA Style paper for professionals, which includes setting margins and font; creating a title page; writing an abstract; organizing the main text with section headings; and (if needed), formatting pages for references, footnotes, tables, figures, and appendices
APA Templates
- APA Template- Google Drive (Student)Make a copy of this template in Google Drive to use it as a starter for formatting your paper. Opens a new tab.
- APA Template 7th ed. (Student)Use this template as a starter for formatting your paper. Opens a new file.
- APA Template - Google Drive (Professional)Make a copy of this template in Google Drive to use it as a starter for formatting your paper. Opens a new tab.
Quick Guide to APA References Page
Books
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
|
Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for the subtitle. Publisher. |
| Single Author Example |
Brown, E. (2013). Comedy and the feminine middlebrow novel. Pickering & Chatto.
Note: For no author, begin the citation with the title of the work, followed by the year of publication.
|
| Multiple Authors Example |
Multiple authors (21 or more) can be separated by a comma followed by the ampersand symbol (&) Nguyen, T., Carnevale, J.J., Scholer, A.A., Miele, D.B., & Fujita, K. For 21 or more authors, include the first 20 authors' names, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G.,...Bostros, N. |
| Single Essay in an Edited Book Example |
Template: Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication). Title of chapter. In Editor's first initial.Editor's last name (Ed.), Title of book (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.
Example: |
Articles
| Journal Citation | |
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication). Article title. Journal Title, Volume number(Issue number), page range. DOI.
|
| Print Example |
Ellery, K. (2008). Undergraduate plagiarism: A pedagogical perspective. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(5), 507-516.
|
| Electronic Example |
For online periodicals, the format is the same as print except that you add the DOI at the end. If the document does not have a DOI (digital object identifier), include a URL link. Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. http://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Smith, E. (2011). Abelard and Heloise: Why data and publications belong together. D-Lib Magazine, 17(1/2).http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january11/smit/01smit.html |
| Newspaper Citation | |
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Publication year, Month date). Article title. Newspaper Title, pp. page number(s).
Note: If the page is not inclusive, give all page numbers, separating them with commas. |
| Print Example |
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
|
| Electronic Example |
For online newspaper articles, the format is the same as print except that you add the DOI at the end. If the article does not have a DOI (digital object identifier), include the newspaper's main URL link.
Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com |
| Magazine Citation | |
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Publication year, Month date). Article title. Magazine Title, volume number(issue number), page range. |
| Print Example |
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
|
| Electronic Example |
For online magazine articles, the format is the same as print except that you add the DOI at the end. If the article does not have a DOI (digital object identifier), include the magazine's main URL. Note that there is not a period at the end of the URL or the doi. Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). http://www.apa.org/monitor/
|
Web pages
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Publication year, Month date). Title of webpage. Site name. URL
|
| Example |
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://human parts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist- 3af27e312d01Note: If the publication date is not provided, write "n.d." for "no date."
|
Personal Communications
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
| Template |
(Interviewee's First initial. Last name, personal communication, Month and date, year) |
| Example |
(T. Nguyen, personal communication, August 8, 2019)Note: Because readers cannot retrieve the information in personal communications, personal communications are not included in the reference list; they are cited in the text only. Give the initial(s) and surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible |
Quick Guide to APA In-Text Citations
In addition to providing full citations in your references list, you also need to provide brief in-text citations every time you quote, paraphrase, or summarize someone else's work.
In this style, you must mention the author's last name and the year of publication in either the text of the sentence or in parentheses at the end of the quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You should place the page number(s) you are referencing in parentheses at the end of the quotation.
For example:
Tilley (2001) describes the process of apprenticeship as "watching and learning, then coaching followed by hands-on practice" (p. 205).
OR
She stated, "watching and learning, then coaching followed by hands-on practice", is the best process for effective apprenticeship (Tilley, 2001, p. 205).
OR
In her seminal 2001 publication, Tilley describes the process of apprenticeship as "watching and learning, then coaching followed by hands-on practice" (p. 205).
When there are no page numbers, or when you are discussing the entirety of a work, use only the author's last name and the date of publication in the in-text citation.
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