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The ECU Writing Center can help you:

In-Person: Administration 260
Monday, Wednesday, Thursday: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Tuesday: 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Friday: 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
Online: Submit your paper for online review!
Phone: (580) 559-5312
Email: writcen@ecok.edu

Zotero is a free open-source reference management system that collects, manages, and cites sources. Use it for different classes for each stage of your research to organize and gather your sources. It seamlessly integrates with different browsers to collect your research sources and works well with Microsoft Word by helping you create a literature list in different citation formats.
Zotero can capture citation information from different kinds of sources, this includes library catalogs, newspapers, blogs, online videos and even social media posts! There's a lot of great information about how to use Zotero--including video tutorials from the Zotero team. For even more in-depth knowledge about Zotero, check out Jason Puckett's Georgia State University research guide
You can also make an appointment with a librarian and they can guide you through some basics.
Books
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
|
Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for the subtitle. Publisher. |
| Single Author Example |
Brown, E. (2013). Comedy and the feminine middlebrow novel. Pickering & Chatto.
Note: For no author, begin the citation with the title of the work, followed by the year of publication.
|
| Multiple Authors Example |
Multiple authors (21 or more) can be separated by a comma followed by the ampersand symbol (&) Nguyen, T., Carnevale, J.J., Scholer, A.A., Miele, D.B., & Fujita, K. For 21 or more authors, include the first 20 authors' names, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G.,...Bostros, N. |
| Single Essay in an Edited Book Example |
Template: Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication). Title of chapter. In Editor's first initial.Editor's last name (Ed.), Title of book (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.
Example: |
Articles
| Journal Citation | |
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (year of publication). Article title. Journal Title, Volume number(Issue number), page range. DOI.
|
| Print Example |
Ellery, K. (2008). Undergraduate plagiarism: A pedagogical perspective. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(5), 507-516.
|
| Electronic Example |
For online periodicals, the format is the same as print except that you add the DOI at the end. If the document does not have a DOI (digital object identifier), include a URL link. Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. http://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Smith, E. (2011). Abelard and Heloise: Why data and publications belong together. D-Lib Magazine, 17(1/2).http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january11/smit/01smit.html |
| Newspaper Citation | |
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Publication year, Month date). Article title. Newspaper Title, pp. page number(s).
Note: If the page is not inclusive, give all page numbers, separating them with commas. |
| Print Example |
Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.
|
| Electronic Example |
For online newspaper articles, the format is the same as print except that you add the DOI at the end. If the article does not have a DOI (digital object identifier), include the newspaper's main URL link.
Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com |
| Magazine Citation | |
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Publication year, Month date). Article title. Magazine Title, volume number(issue number), page range. |
| Print Example |
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
|
| Electronic Example |
For online magazine articles, the format is the same as print except that you add the DOI at the end. If the article does not have a DOI (digital object identifier), include the magazine's main URL. Note that there is not a period at the end of the URL or the doi. Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). http://www.apa.org/monitor/
|
Web pages
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
| Template |
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Publication year, Month date). Title of webpage. Site name. URL
|
| Example |
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://human parts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist- 3af27e312d01Note: If the publication date is not provided, write "n.d." for "no date."
|
Personal Communications
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
| Template |
(Interviewee's First initial. Last name, personal communication, Month and date, year) |
| Example |
(T. Nguyen, personal communication, August 8, 2019)Note: Because readers cannot retrieve the information in personal communications, personal communications are not included in the reference list; they are cited in the text only. Give the initial(s) and surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible |
Books
| Type | Citation |
|---|---|
| Template |
Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of the Book. Publisher, Year. |
|
Single Author Example |
Shields, Charles J. Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee. Henry Holt, 2006.Note: For no author, begin the citation with the title of the work. |
|
Multiple Authors Example |
For two or three authors, separate by "and" Ex: Jones, Mary, and Matthew Larsen. For more than three authors, you may only use the first author listed followed by "et al." You may also list all of the authors. Ex: Smith, John, et al. |
|
Single Essay in an Edited Book Example |
Template: Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of essay." Title of Book/Collection, edited by editor's first name last name, publisher, year, page range of essay.Ex:Smith, Paul M. "The Diverse Librarian." An Introduction to Reference Services in Academic Libraries, edited by Elizabeth Connor, Haworth Press, 2006, pp. 137-140. |
| Ebook Example* | Brown, Jeffrey. Black Superheroes, Milestone Comics, and their Fans. UP of Mississippi, 2001. Ebrary Academic Complete, site.ebrary.com/lib/csun/detail.action? docID=10432102. |
Articles
| Type | Journal Citation | Newspaper Citation | Magazine |
|---|---|---|---|
| Template |
Author's last name, Author's first name. "Article Title." Journal Title, Volume, Issue, Year, page range. |
Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of Article." Newspaper Title, Day Month Year, page range.
|
Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of Article." Magazine Title, Day Month Year, page range.
|
| Print Example |
Ellery, Karen.
|
Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post, 24 May 2007, p. LZ01.
|
Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time, 20 Nov. 2000, pp. 70-71. |
| Electronic Example |
For journals accessed through an online database, the citation should include the italicized name of the database, the doi or url, and the date you accessed the article. Ex: Zuber-Chall, Susan. "History of an Indian Library and Challenges for Today." Journal of Academic Librarianship, vol. 36, no. 5, 2010, pp. 420-426. Academic Search Complete, doi: 10.29/jml.2010.33.5. Accessed 1 June 2011.
Note: If there are no page numbers, use "n. pag." |
For newspaper articles accessed through an online database, you should include the italicized name of the database, the doi or url, and add the date of access at the end of the citation. For newspaper articles only available on the web, you should use the url and add the date of access at the end of the citation. Ex: Banerjee, Neela. "Proposed Religion-Based Program for Federal Inmates is Canceled." The New York Times, 28 Oct. 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/10/28/us/28prison.html?_r=0. Accessed 4 Apr. 2015.
|
For magazine articles accessed through an online database, you should include the italicized name of the database directly before the medium of publication and add the date of access at the end of citation. For magazine articles only available on the web, you will need to add the url and date of access at the end of the citation.
|
Nonperiodical Webpages or Media
| Type | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| Website Template |
Editor, author, or compiler's last name, First Name (if any). "Title of the Page/Work." Title of Overall Website, Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation, URL. Date of access.
Note: If publisher's name is not available, use n.p. If date of creation is not available, use n.d. |
|
Webpage Example |
Hatter, Kathryn. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili in a Slow Cooker." ehow.com, eHow, n.d., http://www.ehow.com/how_4867606_make-homemade-chili-slow-cooker.html, Accessed 11 Oct. 2011. |
|
Uploaded Video Example* |
MASH Season 10 Ep3 Rumor At The Top. YouTube, uploaded by Adam Kowarsh, 11 Nov. 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThvwqhVQVpg. |
|
Streaming Video Example* |
Cain, Susan. “The Power of Introverts.” TED Talks, Feb. 2012, www.ted.com/talks/susan_ cain_the_power_of_introverts?language=en. |
|
Social Media Post Example* |
Neil DeGrasse Tyson [@neiltyson]. “Schools often fail to simultaneously train students how to be skeptical of claims & how to embrace the weight of the evidence.” Twitter, 31 July 2016, twitter.com/neiltyson/status/759777990343593984. |
* indicates an addition in the MLA Style 9th ed. Handbook released in 2021
